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Title
Low Cost Sewerage
Abstract
Research and development undertaken by the World Bank during 1976-1986 (1, 2, 3)
has shown clearly that possession, proper use and maintenance of a sanitation facility
are more important, in terms of improving health, than the actual sanitation technol-
ogy employed, provided that it is affordable and socioculturally acceptable. Neverthe-
less, sanitation technology choices have to be made, and the principal choice is between
onsite and offsite systems, as follows:
On-site technologies:
• VIP latrines (or other types of pit latrine)
• pour-flush toilets
• septic tanks
Off-site technologies:
• conventional sewerage
• low-cost (unconventional) sewerage
- settled sewerage
- simplified sewerage
Both settled sewerage and simplified sewerage use small-diameter sewers laid at shal-
low depths and in which the flow is, ideally, due to gravity. Other terms, such as small-
bore sewerage, small-diameter gravity sewerage or shallow sewerage are unclear.
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